The Physics Of Splicing And Splicing - 1446 Words

3. Conclusions Compared to the molecular methods, the optics-based method offers several advantages such as the kinetic study of splicing and splicing inhibition, study of cis–trans alternative splicing, and rapid measurement of RNA splic-ing. The kinetics of pre-mRNA splicing and the effect of isoginkgetin on the splicing kinetics of the pre-mRNA at the single molecule level were analyzed. Because of their high temporal resolution and the ability to follow the splicing of individual pre-mRNA molecules, the optics-based methods provide the evidences about the relative stabilities of weakly stabilized RNA molecules and their lifetimes. This observation attributed to the formation of mRNA molecules that are the results of the splicing of pre-mRNA. The kinetics and course of monitoring of pre-mRNA splicing was directly reached by 10 min, and are not able to be monitored by the conventional assay. The appearance of scattering intensity and SERS spectra indicates the success in monitoring RNA spl icing; and the RNA splicing inhibition assay confirms that the optics-based methods can be used in study of RNA splicing inhi-bition. Moreover, the optics-based methods are able to detect alternative splicing, the RNA splicing for multi exon–intron pre-mRNA, generation of microRNA from intron of RNA processing events (e. g., maturation of microRNAs), and the siRNA maturation from the processing of host mRNAs, which are hot topics for the re-search of cancer, molecular immunology, andShow MoreRelatedRecent Advancements On HIV And Technology1400 Words   |  6 Pageswritten and people have long speculated upon what could be controlled with access to DNA-for example, height, hair color, eye color, athletic ability, and intelligence, just to name a few. Then a few years ago there became a new method for genetic â€Å"splicing† this method became known as CRISPR which stands for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-associated system. This process is v ery precise and can act like a robot and seek out certain sequences which may be set up for a diseaseRead MoreSummary of the Universe in a Nutshell Essay1812 Words   |  8 Pages(E=MC2). His General Theory of Relativity pushed forth the idea that space and time were not independent, but rather connected in some fabric which is curved Link to the Course: The equation E=MC2 is looked at within the final unit of study for our physics course. In addition, this chapter looks heavily at the contradiction between the works of Einstein and Newton. Newton, and the laws which he advocated, are virtually the main fixture of our course. His perspective of a flat universe with a timelineRead MoreThe Benefits of Science and Technology3197 Words   |  13 PagesShocked at such a bold claim, many people overlook the benefits that such a discovery could endow on humanity. Instead, they say that by acting in such a manner, we humans are trying to play the role of God. However, according to Capra of Tao of Physics, Science is trying to find the basic stuff that constitutes the reality. This research has shed enormous amount of light on life. Though only a piece of the great jigsaw puzzle of life, it leads us one step closer to the whole picture. UnderstandingRead MoreSeminar-Report-on- Optical Fiber Communications7997 Words   |à ‚  32 Pages60 seconds. other delay in communication will be due to communication equipment switching and decoding, encoding the voice of the fiber. 6.2 Snells Law:- In order to understand ray propagation in a fiber. We need one more law from high school physics. This is Snells law. n1 sin .01 = n2 sin .02 Where n denotes the refractive index of the material.01/02 are angles in respective medium. Higher Refractive Index means denser medium. 1) When light enters in lighter medium from denser itRead MoreThe Engineering And Technology Field3957 Words   |  16 Pagesengineering/technology field encompasses a plethora of individual specializations. In this world of abounding technology and bustling development, one area of engineering remains almost entirely research-based: Aerospace Engineering. A perfect combination of physics, chemistry, mechanical engineering, and technology; it presents a new outlook towards the common engineer. Who hasn t wondered what really lies beyond our atmosphere? Aerospace engineering provides humanity with the only conceptualization of theRead More50 Harmful Effects of Genetically Modified (Gm) Foods14312 Words   |  58 Pagesincluding Michael Hansen, Ph.D., who states that Genetic engineering, despite the precise sound of the name, is actually a very messy process. IMPACT ON FARMING The decline in the number of farms is likely to accelerate in the coming years...gene-splicing technologies... change the way plants and animals are produced. Jeremy Rifkin Small Farm Livelihood and Survival 32. Decline and Destruction of Self-Sufficient Family Farms: In 1850, 60% of the working population in the US was engaged in agriculture

Ruthless James Stuart Mill on Liberty Essay Topics Strategies Exploited

Ruthless James Stuart Mill on Liberty Essay Topics Strategies Exploited This wouldn't have been achieved with only a totally free vote in parliament. Personally, it's tough to imagine any kind of free expression meriting the ire of the general public. It is a really fine statue. Once you mention the term equality, you need to define it. However, absolutely free speech doesn't mean giving bigots a completely free pass. Whichever candidate receives the vast majority of votes no matter the margin receives all the electorates. He said that freedom of speech proved to be a critical way to come up with talents and realise an individual's potential and creativity. The True Meaning of James Stuart Mill on Liberty Essay Topics The requirements of the many are not pertinent to them, and whether or not it comes to it, they can go where they will need to survive. We have to embrace the fact that Medicare for All is the most suitable strategy for an array of reason. Obviously, we wouldn't like in order to do just whatever we would like. At the close of the day, it's going to be just my private list that happens to make sense for me. This will be finished in two steps. Everyone should tell the remainder of the world what your feeling are there is not any time left to hold back. Fully being a private matter doesn't signify that marriage occurs in private. Mill's claim about the demand for dissent in order to genuinely understand an individual's own opinions is hereby less convincing. Mill states it is acceptable to harm oneself provided that the individual doing so isn't harming others. In competitive circumstances, Mill states that the harm principle shouldn't be enforced whatsoever times because when there's a winner, there'll inevitably be a loser who's harmed. The only justification for an individual's preference for a specific moral belief is the fact that it is that person's preference. His very first argument is that the suppressed opinion could possibly be true. Because an unpopular opinion might wind up being the correct one. First, it may be right. Ulysses is arguably the richest novel in the previous 150 decades. It's the art of government. Well, to begin with, the subject of private liberty ought to be approached rationally. Political censorship has occurred in lots of ways as soon as it comes to the kind of work and criticism by cartoonists like Vilma Vargas. Rape was a crime against the individual, for instance, since it is across the developed world today. To some folks, Utilitarianism appears to be the sole ethical philosophy that's obviously accurate. In his very first chapter, Mill provides a concise summary of the significance of liberty. Quite simply, Mill believed that we need to find a means to cater to individuals and make them happy. The New Angle On James Stuart Mill on Liberty Essay Topics Just Released The majority implements a 1 size fits all notion which their beliefs ought to be good enough for all individuals. It's an understood concept. To begin with, individuals are somewhat more likely to abandon erroneous beliefs if they're engaged in an open exchange of ideas. Asking individuals to create choices, ask questions, and interpret human experience is very similar to custom in the manner it asks people to live their lives to a specific standard and fulfill certain obligations. Mill provides detailed instructions about how to cultivate the crucial individuality that results in societal growth. This is a much healthier basis on which to create intra-firm productivity. Using James Stuart Mill on Liberty Essay Topics Finally, there's the financial case for a Basic Income. It would be no exception. It is not an economic magic bullet but it is possible to see significant potential macro and micro economic benefits. Find more information regarding the Kindle Personal Document Service. What to Expect From James Stuart Mill on Liberty Essay Topics? But, the best way to express those arguments ought to be a public speech or writing, not in a manner which causes actual harm to others. Moreover, the truth of a belief is integral to whether it's desirable in order for it to be believed. He is among the greatest 19th century thinkers. Though an axiom can't be proven, it's something which we assume to true as it appears to be self-evident, and this also permits us to move forward in establishing an argument. Utilitarianism is a philosophy that has existed for centuries, and is still active and popular in today's world. Capitalism rests on the grounds that effective competition is the very best method of guiding individual efforts.

Mental Health Nursing Co-Morbitates

Question: Describe about the Mental Health Nursing for Co-Morbitates. Answer: Introduction Mental health issues in modern times are surging with every passing day attributable to various factors indirectly impacting our social lives and attitudes. Motivational interviewing (MI) is an important aspect of clinical psychological practice and aimed towards fostering and eliciting intrinsic motivation within the targeted individual through behavioral alterations and modifications achieved by virtue of effective communication from the healthcare professionals. MI essentially follows a collaborative approach to enhance the persons inherent level of motivation thereby paving the way for positive change in behavior of the individual concerned to procure effective outcomes pertaining to mental health (Miller Rollnick, 2012). The problems related to alcoholism, substance abuse and addiction are identified to be rampant in present days and affect the social interaction as well as health of the individual extensively. Efforts are in progress to counteract these debilitating mental hea lth problems prevalent mostly among the adolescents, youths and men. Utilization of the dual therapeutic modes of cognitive behavioral therapy in conjunction with MI has been reported to be clinically significant in cases of co-morbidities in relation to alcohol abuse and depressive disorders (Riper et al., 2014). The healthcare providers including the physicians, nurses, psychiatrists, counselors adopt the MI technique to deal with the patients and their situational variance. These professionals generally undergo rigorous training to successfully deal with the diversified and person-centric problems of the individual patients. More recently, live teleconferencing supervision through MI has been implemented by substance abuse clinicians to interact and monitor the progress of their patients (Smith et al., 2012). In keeping with the data available from relevant researches, evidence based practices and specific requirements of the patients, suitable guidelines for clinical practice ar e recommended by the competent authorities with special emphasis being given to MI. Reasons for people getting involved in alcohol Consumption and gambling Issues pertaining to alcoholism, drug abuse and addiction have inflicted our society vigorously. The problems are complex and multi factorial. However no distinct reason can be assigned to the ensuing problems. The factors emanate out of multiple contributing factors mainly associated with environmental, sociological and psychological underpinnings. The problems pertaining to alcoholism and drug abuse occurs due to reasons attributable to psychosocial and environmental triggers. The common reasons as to why people use alcohol, drugs may be reported to be for recreational purpose, peer pressure to indulge in the joy of drinking or experiencing the high due to usage of drugs and to ease sufferings resulting from anxiety, bipolar disorder and depression like other mental health issues. Continuous use of the illegal drugs lead to drug dependency that ultimately culminate in the addiction issue, a major threat to live a normal life. Perceptions influencing their actions for malpractice of alcohol and drugs follow the rational that the family members, friends, role models or entertainers engage in drinking or substance abuse, therefore it is normal. Imitating behaviors normally implicate towards change in lifestyle attitudes and practices that may cause alcoholism, drug abuse among other effects. Prescribed drugs following injuries often lead to unintentional addiction. Alcoholism and drug abuse are often attached to the effect of stress relieving. Gambling is another menace that occurs as an additional negative impact of these malpractices. The adolescent and youth population are particularly vulnerable to such nuances of alcohol and drug abuse. In this context, investigations and reports regarding interventional strategies may be referred to for effectively managing these conditions. Studies conducted on college students suggest the efficacy and reliability of using the MI micro-skills to abate alcohol drinking habits among the chosen population (Tollison et al., 2013). Group MI with due importance being given to change talk has been identified as yet another fruitful strategy to treat adolescent alcohol and drug abuse issues thereby fostering positive behavioral change (DAmico et al., 2015). Reports also convey the importance of practicing MI in mitigating the hazardous alcohol drinking among the patients suffering from depression as obtained from the results of a randomized study (Satre et al., 2013). Evaluation of MI inter ventional boosting approach upon the older teens and evolving adults, subjected to a one year program for prevention of drug abuse and alcoholism support the implementation of this strategy to ameliorate the circumstances relevant to the targeted population (Sussman et al., 2012). Investigations concerning group MI intervention targeted to adolescents and youth at risk for alcohol and drug abuse through randomized controlled trials reveal the feasibility of the interventional strategy to prevent the repercussions of the malpractices (DAmico et al., 2013). Therefore, however broad and multitude the causative factors that endorse such behavioral outcomes related to substance abuse, gambling or alcoholism might seem, timely interventions applied pragmatically might resolve the issues optimally. A holistic outlook from the healthcare workers in this regard is imperative to reduce instances of such incidences in the society and foster improved health status among the concerned population . Challenges of nurse to work with alcoholic people Issues pertaining to mental health have extensive implications in the healthcare framework in terms of provision of healthcare service by the healthcare personnel actively engaged in the job. Roles of the nurses and physicians are particularly relevant in this matter. The problems concerning alcoholism, gambling and drug abuse are very much nagging and involve complicated interactions of a number of factors encompassing sociological, psychological and environmental aspect. The healthcare professionals play the vital responsibility of identifying and rendering accessibility to treatment for patients with substance abuse disorders. Healthcare delivery systems in the developed nations assess the attitudes and approaches of the workers to fulfill the demands of the patient welfare. Consequences of negative attitudes of the healthcare professionals have been reported to profoundly impact the mode of treatment being offered. Optimal healthcare facility for the patients previously exposed t o substance abuse is crucial to enable better outcomes among the ill persons and the healthcare providers serve the vital functions of ensuring improved care service. However negative approach from the concerned healthcare staff negates the scope for maximal patient outcome and end up in suboptimal facility of healthcare. Lack of proper education and training apart from dearth of support for working with this particular group on the part of the health service providers hinder the recovery and treatment of such patients. Negative attitudes terminate in overlooking the feelings of empowerment as experienced by the patients undergoing treatment and consecutive positive benefits harbored out of the treatment modality. Diminished empathy and less personal involvement with the patients are other factors influencing the negative approach among the healthcare providers. Challenges encountered by the health workers in treating these patients include violence, insufficient motivation and manipulative behaviors of the victims of alcoholism and drug abuse (Van Boekel et al., 2013). The facilities offered to this sensitive population of alcoholics and drug abuse victims suffer from the major drawback of lack of integrity and complex interaction of several factors that hinder the patient treatment and betterment. R egistered nurses are commonly found to be acquainted with such patients and engage in a less friendly and hostile relationship. Dissonant care practice has emerged as a contributing factor impeding the service to the concerned patients in an atmosphere of distrust and detachment in conjunction with lack of adequate education. Illicit drug usage is a huge health burden globally and the physical disturbances and malfunctioning often result in hospitalization in medical wards where registered nurses are entitled to provide care and treatment to them. Similar reports of negative attitudes towards the concerned population by the nurses while dealing with the patients with prior exposure to drug abuse or alcoholism. The negative approaches are a major obstacle to nurse-patient relationship and smooth running of the health facility. Conflict of interest, aggressive behavior and untrustworthiness contribute to negativity in the nurses attitudes and practices. Lack of education has also been highlighted as a vital issue hindering the treatment of the affected population (Monks, Topping, Newell, 2013). In view of the above findings, the accountability and proficiency of the nurses and other healthcare professionals have been marked as essential prerequisite to ensure better patient outcomes among the concerned population. Apart from the physical health implications following drug abuse and alcoholism, mental health concerns causing different degree of psychological disturbances are also relevant. Several interventional strategies and techniques have been proposed to curb the negative impacts of such malpractices and disorders resulting from substance abuse and alcoholism. MI is one such interventio nal approach of goal oriented and person centric nature aimed to treat the patients through effective interactive sessions, thus eliciting intrinsic motivation in the patients to result in behavioral modification and subsequent improved health status (Arkowitz, Miller, Rollnick, 2015). Summarizing the situations encountered by the nurses and other healthcare workers in dealing with the cases pertinent to patients having drug abuse, alcoholism issues it can be mentioned that a breach of communication from both the patient and health service providers ends impede further development and innovation in terms of health service treatment promotion and implementation. Violent and hostile behaviors together with non-cooperative attitudes from the patients exacerbate the condition. However, lack of empathy and knowledge regarding the actual case scenarios of the concerned patients also augment the complication of the situations considered. The fundamental care giving practice on the part of the nurses is often ignored in the cases of this specific population pertaining to social stigma, personal beliefs and notions attached with the alcoholism and substance abuse issues. Co-existing addiction problems and mental health issues are never ending concerns of the present days and dynamic attempts should be fostered through holistic approach from the healthcare providers end to cater the demands of the vulnerable population. Contribution of motivational interview approach The gravity of the circumstances with respect to substance abuse and alcoholism can be assessed in the light of the growing number of alcoholics and substance abuse victims in the society. The concerns related to their physical as well as mental health have received much attention in the recent past with publication of a number of academic research articles and case studies relevant to their situations. The main purpose of motivational interview is to understand the need to each client at individual level. This also helps the nurse to realize the perspective of the client and value the feelings and the requirements. This is one of the major unique features of the motivational interviewing process. The motivational interview has similar purpose to that of the recovery progarmme, which helps the alcohol victim to overcome all the adverse effects.The central theme of all these studies focused on effective interventional strategies suited to individualized case setting to mitigate these brimming issues affecting the socio-cultural equilibrium particularly in the vulnerable population of adolescents and youths who lack enough maturity to measure the repercussions of such malpractices. Relevant to the above scenarios as mentioned motivational interviewing has been reported to bore beneficial outcomes in due course of the treatment of the concerned patients habituated to addiction and alcohol or drug dependency (Korman, Bavelas, De Jong, 2013). MI approach of treatment intervention is generally adopted in conjunction with other treatment modalities such as cognitive behavioral therapy and shared decision making process, each of the strategies possessing distinctive features that contribute to patient centered care on the basis clinical situation relevant to a particular patient. MI has been marked as a well accepted practice to accomplish person centered care where adequate medical evidences support for the behavioral change outcome in the patient and the most approp riate methods adopted for treatment is dependent on the preference of the care receiver (Elwyn et al., 2014). Healthcare workers in considerable numbers must therefore be recruited to train and educate the patients through MI and make a difference to their existing lifestyles. A study related to MI suggest the utilization of the innovative, two round based Virginia Reel approach complementary to 3 hours of basic MI instruction session in addition to the progressive medical care to teach and train the primary car residents in enhancing skills redressing substance misuse. Evaluation of the residents outcomes and feedbacks was indicative of the validity of this method (Cole eta l., 2012). Further studies approve that MI is the most successfully disseminated evidence based practice in the treatment of substance abuse of the patients. Although expert proficiency is achieved at the beginning of such studies, further probing depict that in absence of properly benchmarked competency levels and thorough understanding and knowledge about the presumed implications, the impact of training on the patient s desired outcomes cannot be conclusively analyzed and interpreted. Therefore, for sustainable practice outcomes policy makers as well as the healthcare service providers need to approach the situations with enough pragmatism and prudence abiding by the standard protocols of clinical intervention such as MI (Hall et al., 2015). MI as suggested from various studies is an optimistic and encouragement approach that addresses the intrinsic motivation present in a person to bring out positive effects subjected to behavioral change in such persons. Systemic reviews and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials report the efficacy and appropriateness of the MI methods in the medical care settings. The robustness of MI in terms of delivery location and characteristics of the patient was highlighted in such investigations. MI was found to be particularly effective when applied in brief consultations (Lundahl et al., 2013). Assessment of MI fidelity and competence has been executed by vir tue of observational measures. Client perceptions noted through qualitative interviews have been considered to determine the motivation to modulate ones behavior, opinion of the therapist and the safety of the method. Future directions to research through the findings of the studies applicable through the implementation and innovation of scales for client evaluation of MI, an important aspect of studying the patient outcomes and develop strategies accordingly have been reported in the studies (Madson eta l., 2013). Client speech affecting the patient outcomes has been identified as a major factor for assessing the efficacy of MI methods. Meta analysis and initial research analysis support this as a key causal factor to prove the validity of the MI approach. Therapist to client and client to outcome pathways govern the entire process of MI efficacy (Magill et al., 2014). Exploration of ambivalence among the alcoholics and substance abuse victims has been opined as a crucial part of r esearch and studies corroborate to this idea. In this context the evocation of change talk through MI has been particularly promising to help patients resolve the ambivalence related issues intended towards positive change in the person (Miller Rose, 2015). On an average three to four feedback or coaching sittings over time duration of 6 months has been reported to sustain the skills among trainees for MI, majorly for substance abuse problem treatment. Contrarily high rates of withdrawal from the training regime result in skill decline in post workshop phase (Schwalbe, Oh, Zweben, 2014). Motivational dialogue is an essential prerequisite to foster better treatment outcomes in patients through MI and healthcare professionals, registered nurses are continuously trained to encourage the patients for positive behavioral change through this particular technique. Numerous studies and relevant articles vouch for the applicability of MI in real case situations where the patients suffer fr om declining mental health status due to addictive substance abuse or alcoholism which significantly hamper their private and social lives (Tober Raistrick, 2014). Mindfulness based sobriety has been implicated as a vital aspect to deal with addiction recovery utilizing the relapse prevention concept in conjunction with the acceptance and commitment theory as well as MI (Turner, Welches, Conti, 2015). The hallmark features for effective motivational interviewing strategies encompass a wide variety of supportive actions undertaken in course of this dynamic and mutually responsive approach. It include seeking permission to start a conversation with the client, eliciting change talk linked to successful patient outcomes, exploring the importance of the proposed goals and ratings of the levels of confidence to evaluate the clients situation, presenting open ended questions from the therapists to build a rapport with the clients, promote reflective listening to invoke a sense of empathy and responsiveness with the clients, normalization to make the clients aware of the gradual ensuing changes, decisional balancing to consider the overall outcomes of the clients, adoption of the Columbo approach to deploy the discrepancies, assessment of the readiness to change by means of a definite ruler, affirmations and feedback from the therapists to allow better understanding of the needs of the c lients, summarizing of the information already gathered in order to relate with the clients previous opinions and experiences and ultimately pragmatically using therapeutic paradoxical statements to kindle the fire of arguing in favor of change for the clients. Thus relational sprit acting in a similar way to facilitate recovery, reflective listening as well as change talk are some of the crucial at the same time unique aspect of effective MI (Miller Rollnick, 2012). Context relevant to New Zealand focused on the roles and duties performed by the social workers volunteering for several non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in co-operation with the healthcare workers to establish brief intervention service for mental health under the framework of primary healthcare setting where the extent and nature of the consumer feedback, the interface with other facility such as secondary healthcare service along with the ensuing changes in mental healthcare are considered with scopes for furth er evaluation and investigation (Taylor, 2015). The clinical practice guidelines meant to treat patients with schizophrenia and other mental health related disorders is targeted to cater to the needs and ensure respite for patients with similar clinical conditions inhabiting the New Zealand and Australian regions. Advocacy of congenial, collaborative approach together with optimization of the evidence based treatments and addressing the specific requirements of the patients under adverse conditions and encountering ancillary challenges are the prime objectives of such guiding principles (Galletly et al., 2016). Hence, for the proper addressing of the issues associated to mental health MI is of particular relevance and importance in terms of treating patients exposed to substance abuse, alcoholism, gambling and other malpractices. Conclusion With the advent of civilization and concomitant growth in the socio-economic condition and variable social conditions, the bothering issues of substance abuse, gambling, alcoholism have gained more prominence. The youth and the teenagers are particularly at the risk of exposure to such malpractices and negative health as well as social outcomes follows such actions. Referring to this burning crisis impacting the mental health proportionately, various novel and case appropriate therapeutic interventional strategies have been recommended in many of the previous and ongoing research findings. Motivational interviewing has been identified as one of the chief therapeutic practice moderating the mental health conditions in patients exposed to addiction and alcoholism. Positive health outcomes culminate out of this goal oriented, person centered collaborative approach of MI. Effective both way communication skills paying heed to the essential defining characteristics of MI paves the way for speedy recovery through positive behavioral modification achieved through shared decision making process. The healthcare professionals particularly the registered nurses who are actively engaged with the treatment of the patients by virtue of direct contact with the care receivers hold enormous responsibilities to ensure improved health outcomes in the concerned patients. MI should not be considered as an isolated mode of treatment, instead allied treatment regimes should be meticulously utilized for rendering faster and appropriate healthcare services suited for the targeted population. Attempts are in progress to albeit the mental health related disorders due to the above mentioned malpractices to gift a healthy and socially conforming lives to the stakeholder s affected by such adverse situations thereby offering hope for a better future for the society at large. References: Arkowitz, H., Miller, W. R., Rollnick, S. (Eds.). (2015).Motivational interviewing in the treatment of psychological problems. Guilford Publications. Cole, B., Clark, D. C., Seale, J. P., Shellenberger, S., Lyme, A., Johnson, J. A., Chhabria, A. (2012). Reinventing the reel: an innovative approach to resident skill-building in motivational interviewing for brief intervention.Substance abuse,33(3), 278-281. DAmico, E. J., Houck, J. M., Hunter, S. B., Miles, J. N., Osilla, K. C., Ewing, B. A. (2015). Group motivational interviewing for adolescents: change talk and alcohol and marijuana outcomes.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology,83(1), 68. D'Amico, E. J., Hunter, S. B., Miles, J. N., Ewing, B. A., Osilla, K. C. (2013). A randomized controlled trial of a group motivational interviewing intervention for adolescents with a first time alcohol or drug offense.Journal of substance abuse treatment,45(5), 400-408. Elwyn, G., Dehlendorf, C., Epstein, R. M., Marrin, K., White, J., Frosch, D. L. (2014). Shared decision making and motivational interviewing: achieving patient-centered care across the spectrum of health care problems.The Annals of Family Medicine,12(3), 270-275. Galletly, C., Castle, D., Dark, F., Humberstone, V., Jablensky, A., Killackey, E., Tran, N. (2016). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for the management of schizophrenia and related disorders.Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry,50(5), 410-472. Hall, K., Staiger, P. K., Simpson, A., Best, D., Lubman, D. I. (2015). After 30 years of dissemination, have we achieved sustained practice change in motivational interviewing?.Addiction. Korman, H., Bavelas, J. B., De Jong, P. (2013). Microanalysis of formulations in solution-focused brief therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and motivational interviewing.Journal of systemic Therapies,32(3), 31. Lundahl, B., Moleni, T., Burke, B. L., Butters, R., Tollefson, D., Butler, C., Rollnick, S. (2013). Motivational interviewing in medical care settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Patient education and counseling,93(2), 157-168. Madson, M. B., Mohn, R. S., Zuckoff, A., Schumacher, J. A., Kogan, J., Hutchison, S., Stein, B. (2013). Measuring client perceptions of motivational interviewing: factor analysis of the Client Evaluation of Motivational Interviewing scale.Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment,44(3), 330-335. Magill, M., Gaume, J., Apodaca, T. R., Walthers, J., Mastroleo, N. R., Borsari, B., Longabaugh, R. (2014). The technical hypothesis of motivational interviewing: A meta-analysis of MIs key causal model.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,82(6), 973. Miller, W. R., Rollnick, S. (2012).Motivational interviewing: Helping people change. Guilford press. Miller, W. R., Rose, G. S. (2015). Motivational interviewing and decisional balance: contrasting responses to client ambivalence.Behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy,43(02), 129-141. Monks, R., Topping, A., Newell, R. (2013). The dissonant care management of illicit drug users in medical wards, the views of nurses and patients: A grounded theory study.Journal of advanced nursing,69(4), 935-946. Riper, H., Andersson, G., Hunter, S. B., Wit, J., Berking, M., Cuijpers, P. (2014). Treatment of comorbid alcohol use disorders and depression with cognitive?behavioural therapy and motivational interviewing: A meta?analysis.Addiction,109(3), 394-406. Satre, D. D., Delucchi, K., Lichtmacher, J., Sterling, S. A., Weisner, C. (2013). Motivational interviewing to reduce hazardous drinking and drug use among depression patients.Journal of substance abuse treatment,44(3), 323-329. Schwalbe, C. S., Oh, H. Y., Zweben, A. (2014). Sustaining motivational interviewing: a meta?analysis of training studies.Addiction,109(8), 1287-1294. Smith, J. L., Carpenter, K. M., Amrhein, P. C., Brooks, A. C., Levin, D., Schreiber, E. A., Nunes, E. V. (2012). Training substance abuse clinicians in motivational interviewing using live supervision via teleconferencing.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology,80(3), 450. Sussman, S., Sun, P., Rohrbach, L. A., Spruijt-Metz, D. (2012). One-year outcomes of a drug abuse prevention program for older teens and emerging adults: evaluating a motivational interviewing booster component.Health Psychology,31(4), 476. Taylor, S. (2015). A review of a primary mental health service 10 years on.Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work,27(3), 78. Tober, G., Raistrick, D. (Eds.). (2014).Motivational dialogue: Preparing addiction professionals for motivational interviewing practice. Routledge. Tollison, S. J., Mastroleo, N. R., Mallett, K. A., Witkiewitz, K., Lee, C. M., Ray, A. E., Larimer, M. E. (2013). The relationship between baseline drinking status, peer motivational interviewing microskills, and drinking outcomes in a brief alcohol intervention for matriculating college students: a replication.Behavior therapy,44(1), 137-151. Turner, N., Welches, P., Conti, S. (2015). Mindfulness-based sobriety: A clinicians treatment guide for addiction recovery using relapse prevention therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, and motivational interviewing. Van Boekel, L. C., Brouwers, E. P., Van Weeghel, J., Garretsen, H. F. (2013). Stigma among health professionals towards patients with substance use disorders and its consequences for healthcare delivery: systematic review.Drug and Alcohol Dependence,131(1), 23-35.

Tobacco Advertising And Its Dangerous Effects On Young People. Tobacco

Tobacco Advertising and its dangerous effects on young people. Tobacco Advertising Makes Young People Their Chief Target Everyday 3,000 children start smoking, most them between the ages of 10 and 18. These kids account for 90 percent of all new smokers. In fact, 90 percent of all adult smokers said that they first lit up as teenagers (Roberts). These statistics clearly show that young people are the prime target in the tobacco wars. The cigarette manufacturers may deny it, but advertising and promotion play a vital part in making these facts a reality (Roberts). The kings of these media ploys are Marlboro and Camel. Marlboro uses a fictional western character called The Marlboro Man, while Camel uses Joe Camel, a high-rolling, swinging cartoon character. Joe Camel, the "smooth character" from R.J. Reynolds, who is shown as a dromedary with complete style has been attacked by many Tobacco-Free Kids organizations as a major influence on the children of America. Dr. Lonnie Br istow, AMA (American Medical Association) spokesman, remarks that "to kids, cute cartoon characters mean that the product is harmless, but cigarettes are not harmless. They have to know that their ads are influencing the youth under 18 to begin smoking"(Breo). Researchers at the Medical College of Georgia report that almost as many 6-year olds recognize Joe Camel as know Mickey Mouse (Breo). That is very shocking information for any parent to hear. The industry denies that these symbols target people under 21 and claim that their advertising goal is simply to promote brand switching and loyalty. Many people disagree with this statement such as Illinois Rep. Richard Durbin who states " If we can reduce the number of young smokers, the tobacco companies will be in trouble and they know it "(Roberts). So what do the tobacco companies do to keep their industry alive and well? Seemingly, they go toward a market that is not fully aware of the harm that cigarettes are capable of. U.S. News recently featured a discussion of the smoking issue with 20 teenagers from suburban Baltimore. The group consisted of ten boys and ten girls between the ages of 15 and 17. When asked why they started smoking, they gave two contradictory reasons: They wanted to be a part of a peer group. They also wanted to reach out and rebel at the same time. " When you party, 75 to 90 percent of the kids are smoking. It makes you feel like you belong," says Devon Harris, a senior at Woodlawn High. Teens also think of smoking as a sign of independence. The more authority figures tell them not to smoke, the more likely they are to pick up the habit (Roberts). The surprising thing is that these kids know that they are being influenced by cigarette advertising. If these kids know that this advertising is manipulating them, why do they still keep smoking? The ads are everywhere, especially in teen-oriented magazines, such as Rolling Stone and Spin. The ads also fuel some of the reasons the chil dren gave for starting. They represent rebellion, independence, acceptance and happiness. These are all the things a young person, between childhood and adolescence, needs and desires. This type of advertising, on top of peer pressure, is the mystery behind the rise in adolescent smoking. How do we stop the future of America from smoking? Here are three things that the experts recommend. Try to convince your children that smoking is not cool. Talk to your kids at a young age about the dangers of smoking. Identify family members who smoke and ask them to stop (Thomas). Children are the most valuable commodity we are given in life. Let's try to educate them while they're young to be independent thinkers and to not be swayed by the tobacco companies who are trying to take advantage of their mind and body. Works Cited "Bill Clinton vs. Joe Camel." U.S. News Online. 27 Oct. 1996. "Selling Tobacco to Kids." America. 17 Feb. 1996: 3. Infotrac. Online. 27 Oct. 1996. Roberts, Steven. " Teens on tobacco; kids smoke for reasons all their own." U.S. News 18 Apr. 1996: 38. Infotrac. Online.

What You Need to Know About Weekend MBA Programs

What You Need to Know About Weekend MBA Programs A weekend MBA program is a part-time business degree program with class sessions that are held on the weekend, usually on Saturdays. The program results in a Master of Business Administration degree. Weekend MBA programs are typically campus-based but may incorporate some form of distance learning, such as video-based lectures or online discussion groups. Most weekend MBA programs are just that: programs that take place on the weekend. However, there are some programs that have weekend and evening classes. Programs like this have classes on the weekend as well as classes that take place in the evening on weekdays. Types of Weekend MBA Programs There are two basic types of weekend MBA programs: the first is a traditional MBA program for students who would enroll in a typical MBA degree program, and the second is an executive MBA program. An executive MBA program, or EMBA, is specifically designed for corporate executives, managers, and other working professionals with extensive work experience. Although work experience can vary, most executive MBA students have 10-15 years of work experience on average. Many executive MBA students also receive full or partial company sponsorship, meaning that they typically receive some form of tuition reimbursement. Top Business Schools With Weekend MBA Programs There are a growing number of business schools offering weekend MBA programs. Some of the top business schools in the country offer this program option for people who want to attend school part-time. Some examples include: The University of Chicago Booth School of Business: At Chicago Booth, students meet every Saturday for 11 weeks at a time and earn an MBA degree in 2.5 to 3 years. The curriculum for the weekend MBA program is the same as the curriculum for the full-time MBA program.The University of California Berkeley Haas School of Business: At Berkeley Haas, students can choose from a weekend or evening schedule for MBA classes and could earn their degree in as little as 2.5 years. Weekend MBA classes are held on Saturdays in the spring and fall, but year-round activities are available.Kellogg School of Management at Northwest University: Kelloggs weekend MBA program takes place on Saturdays, but students can choose to take evening classes in addition to weekend classes. There are two weekend MBA options: traditional pace and accelerated. The traditional option takes 20.5 months to complete, while the accelerated option requires fewer credits and evening classes and takes 15.5 months to complete. Pros and Cons of Weekend MBA Programs There are many good reasons to consider a weekend MBA program, but this education option might not be the best choice for everyone. Lets explore a few pros and cons of weekend MBA programs. Pros The biggest advantage of weekend MBA programs is that you can take all of your classes on the weekend, which makes it easier to work part-time or full-time while you earn your degree.A weekend MBA program may make it easier to attend a business school that is not located near your home. It is not unusual for MBA students to fly in from somewhere else for weekend classes.Some full-time MBA programs take two years to complete. You can often earn your degree in the same amount of time (or close to it) as you would in a full-time program by attending part-time weekend MBA programs.Some weekend MBA programs allow you to reduce your tuition costs. In other words, you might pay less for a weekend MBA program than you would for a traditional, full-time MBA program. Cons Classes might take place just one day per week in a weekend MBA program, but you will have to put in work on other days of the week to keep up with your studies.Being able to put what you learn into practice right away in an advantage for students who work while they attend school, but it is also important to remember that it can be exhausting to work and study at the same time. Furthermore, there will come a day when you have to choose between work and academic commitments, and one is likely to suffer because of your choice.Students in full-time programs sometimes get the opportunity to spend more time with their cohorts, which is conducive to relationship building. In a weekend MBA program, you may not have as many opportunities to network or make friends.

Quantum Number Definition (Chemistry and Physics)

Quantum Number Definition (Chemistry and Physics) A  quantum number is a value that is used when describing the energy levels available to atoms and molecules. An electron in an atom or ion has four quantum numbers to describe its state and yield solutions to the Schrà ¶dinger wave equation for the hydrogen atom. There are four quantum numbers: n - principal quantum number - describes the energy levelâ„“ - azimuthal or angular momentum quantum number - describes the subshellmâ„“Â  or m - magnetic quantum number - describes the orbital of the subshellms or s - spin quantum number - describes the spin Quantum Number Values According to the Pauli exclusion principle, no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum numbers. Each quantum number is represented by either a half-integer or integer value. The principal quantum number is an integer that is the number of the electrons shell. The value is 1 or higher (never 0 or negative).The angular momentum quantum number is an integer that is the value of the electrons orbital (e.g., s0, p1).  Ã¢â€žâ€œ is greater than or equal to zero and less than or equal to n-1.The magnetic quantum number is the orientation of the orbital with integer values ranging from -â„“ to  Ã¢â€žâ€œ. So, for the p orbital, where  Ã¢â€žâ€œ1, m could have values of -1, 0, 1.The spin quantum number is a half-integer value that is either -1/2 (called spin down) or 1/2 (called spin up). Quantum Number Example For the outer valence electrons of a carbon atom, the electrons are found in the 2p orbital. The four quantum numbers used to describe the electrons are n2,  Ã¢â€žâ€œ1, m1, 0, or -1, and s1/2 (the electrons have parallel spins). Not Just for Electrons While quantum numbers are commonly used to describe electrons, they may be used to describe the nucleons (protons and neutrons) of an atom or elementary particles.

The impact of Information Technology on a career or profession of your Term Paper

The impact of Information Technology on a career or profession of your choice - Term Paper Example Industry leaders keep talking about ways to gain competitive edge and their action plan in this context invariably highlights the strategic value that Information Technology now holds for the industry. Information Technology has had very strong social, economic and professional impacts to an extent that it transformed everyone’s life from a student up to almost all the Heads of State. Healthcare – a socially relevant domain too has been impacted by the applications of Information Technology. In almost all the countries, the healthcare delivery system is facing unbending and intransigent issues. The key issue that the healthcare deliver systems worldwide face is: Uneven distribution and shortage of infrastructural and human resources at primary, secondary, tertiary and even super-speciality levels within a healthcare delivery system. This issue gives birth to disparity within the boundaries/same region. This disparity, at times, produces strange dynamics those have the p otential to create serious imbalances which are unique to each setting. The issues being faced by healthcare delivery systems are such that they not only highlight existing gaps but can also affect the utilisation of the resources available; such unyielding issues need extraordinary solutions. Information Technology through its highly promising applications is helping this one of the most significant parameter of human development to scale newer challenges (being raised because of ever increasing demands at the healthcare delivery systems, expectations of the beneficiaries), in order to improve efficiency of clinicians and enhance quality of life of the populace on the planet. It is worth mentioning that there are numerous applications of Information Technology and each of them is aimed at empowering all or at least one of the following stakeholders: healthcare delivery systems, clinicians and the patients alike. This research throws light on some of the cutting edge applications of Information Technology in this safety and security domain of medicine and it also includes the impact that these applications have made on the clinicians and paramedical personnel. Telemedicine (Sood, et al., 2007) is a flagship application of Information Technology in health that uses communications networks for delivery of healthcare services and medical education from one geographical location to another. Ranging from public health to surgery, telemedicine has found its roots in almost all the specialities of medicine and this is the reason that gradually telemedicine is merging with the delivery of mainstream healthcare services. Telesurgery and mHealth are two upcoming forms of telemedicine but they have already proved to be practically feasible, reliable, useful and safe. Both these forms of telemedicine can be practised in the modes of teleconsultation (between a doctor and a patient or between a general physician

Describe how to extract evidence in relation to HTTp,FTP and SMTP Research Paper

Describe how to extract evidence in relation to HTTp,FTP and SMTP application layer protocol - Research Paper Example In this paper, I present the techniques used to extract data sent from one host to another over a TCP-based network like the internet using FTP protocol, an e-mail sent over an IP network using SMTP protocol and the one sent over web-based applications using HTTP protocol. Contents Contents 3 1.0Introduction 1 2.0Extracting evidence in relation to HTTP 1 Extraction of Posting Behavior from HTTP Header 1 3.0Extracting evidence in relation to SMTP 2 Header analysis 3 Bait tactics 3 Server investigation 3 Network device investigation 3 Software embedded identifiers 3 Sender Mailer Finger prints 3 4.0Extracting evidence in relation to FTP 3 5.0Conclusion 4 6.0 References 1 1.0 Introduction The network has become the beast way of transferring information to support both personal and business requirements. However, as different services have been enabled across the network environment, the potential for cyber-crime has grown with these. Unfortunately, not only are criminals exploiting this medium to an unprecedented degree but we are now looking at the potential of cyber-warfare or cyber-terrorism who are communicating through these protocols hence need for methods of extracting data from these protocols as a source of evidence. [24] File transfer protocol (FTP) is a network protocol that is used to transfer files from a host server to a client over a TCP-based network such as the internet. It is based on client-server architecture and it uses separate data and control connections between the client and server. [5] Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) refers to a protocol that transmission of an e-mail across and IP- based network. However clients in the network use SMTP only for sending messages to a mail sever while for receiving they use POP (Post office protocol) or IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol). This enables them to access their mail box accounts on a mail sever. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is an application protocol used by distributed and coll aborative hypermedia information systems. [19] The HTTP protocol is the basis of World Wide Web (WWW). All Web-based applications rely on this protocol for security and transactions ranging from home banking, e-commerce and e-procurement and to those that deal with sensitive data such as career and identity information. This protocol can also be used to prevent unauthorized viewing of personal, financial, and confidential information over the Web. [20] 2.0 Extracting evidence in relation to HTTP In relation to the amount of content in the web, users need help in finding information of interest, and service providers are required to provide such information. This can be done by estimating the user’s profile i.e. analyzing the behavior of the user when she is online by using access logs in a server. In order to recognize the actual user behavior across many servers, the behavior is analyzed using the flow of data on proxy servers. Some users post their messages on the Web while others just browse web pages and hence an approach has to be made in order to extract both the users’ behaviors. [6] When a user is just browsing web pages, the browser usually sends HHTP GET requests in which the request parameters are described in the URL (e.g., http://search.goo.ne.jp/web.jsp?MT=ntt means that the value of parameter MT is ntt). When the user posts a message, requests and responses are sent by HTTP POST, instead of HTTP GET.

Great Traditions In Ethics Essay Example for Free

Great Traditions In Ethics Essay The overcoming of the fear of death figures as a key component of Epicurean philosophy. Because the Epicureans valued above all other accomplishments, the living of a good life and that pleasure is the end of all morality and that real pleasure is attained through a life of prudence, honor, and justice the acknowledgment in Epicurean philosophy that the fear of death intrudes upon individual happiness is not at all the same as admission that fear of death is an insurmountable condition, (Epicureanism). To the contrary, the epicurean philosophy seeks forts to identify the root causes of the fear of death, which are: 1) The fear of being dead. 2) The fear that one will die, that ones life is going to end. 3) The fear of premature death. 4) The fear of the process of dying and for each of these considerations, Epicurean philosophy provides a response. The intention of epicurean philosophy is to persuade its adherents that death is not bad for the person who dies although death is inevitable and is the total annihilation of that person; despite the belief in total annihilation Epicurus held no regard for death itself. The basic center of the Epicurean refusal to fear death lies in the epicurean belief that God should not concern to us. Death is not to be feared and these facts are unchangeable despite ones subjective, emotional reactions. because death means the end of consciousness and the total annihilation of the individual, nothing exists beyond death which may cause fear at all,(Warren 4-7). It is only by admitting the fear of death and addressing it straight on through applied logic rather than religion or mysticism that the fear of death can be conquered. The Epicureans regarded the overcoming of the fear of death at the very heart of their ethical project. They identified the goal of a good life as the removal of mental and physical pain. Mental pain they further characterized as anxieties and fears because fear of death causes pain to the individual it must be overcome and it can be overcome by logical acceptance of the fact that death holds no pain for the person who experiences it. (Warren 6) Just as the fear of death prevented many individuals from achieving happiness in life, justice (or lack thereof) provides enmity to happiness in the Epicurean ethical tradition. For Epicurus, laws and justice are a matter of personal bearing and dignity as well as intelligence and experience. Under an Epicurean ethic, in a world full of Epicurean sages there would be no need for written prescriptive laws. Everyone in that case would be able to see and remember what contributes to the utility of the community and would act accordingly (Warren 183). The idea of breaking a rule of justice is wrong because it causes the eventual pain or threat of pain or disturbance to oters happiness as well as ones own. Unlike Epicurus, St. Augustine sees the need for rigid law to control human society and he envisions this law emanating directly fro the Divine. In his distinction between the City of God and the City of Men he makes clear that the church is divinely established and leads humankind to eternal goodness, which is God and that in the ideal city, The state adheres to the virtues of politics and of the mind, formulating a political community. Both of these societies are visible and seek to do good. (Bonner 54) By contrast, the City of Man exists to serve selfishly driven needs and does not partake of the Divine spirit of creation and Divine Law. The idea of self-love against the love of God separates the two cities an idea which springs from what Augustine was afterwards to regard in The City of God as the architect of the Earthly Citylove of self to the contempt of God (Bonner 54).

Political Change in Europe in the Modern Era Essay examples -- World E

European nations gained world dominance between the 15th and 19th centuries through imperialism and industrialization. European nations competed among themselves for international influence, and established by the early 20th century a very intricate balance of power, the disturbance of which ignited World War I in 1914. Over this same period, the power of monarchs within European nations declined as a larger portion of the populace demanded political rights, leading to the democratization of most political systems throughout Western Europe. These shifts in political systems were fed by urbanization, by the rise of class consciousness within the masses, and by the spread of ideas of political and economic philosophers who challenged the power of autocratic government. Russia from Tsarism to Bolshevik Dictatorship Russia lagged behind Western Europe in its economic and political development. In the mid-19th century, Russia remained a feudal society with very little industrialization or urbanization, whose tsar had absolute power. Serfs, peasants who were bound to landowners and had no political rights, comprised the vast majority of the population. Tsar Alexander II (1855-1881) initiated an Age of Reform that he hoped would modernize Russia while maintaining the absolute power of the tsar. In 1861 Alexander II emancipated the serfs, on the grounds that â€Å"it is better to abolish serfdom from above than to wait until the serfs begin to liberate themselves from below.† This act put into place a complicated system by which the peasants acquired a â€Å"temporary obligation† to the landlord that could drag on for years, and had to pay to purchase land that they had considered their own and that was often much smaller than the am... ... of the tsar in the late 19th century until the establishment of the Bolshevik dictatorship in October 1917. The moderate pro-monarchist factions (â€Å"whites†) and the Bolsheviks (â€Å"reds,† renamed the Russian Communist Party in 1918) engaged in a Civil War until 1922, by which time the RCP had defeated the monarchists and reclaimed the border nations that had been part of the Tsar’s empire, with the exception of Poland, Finland, and the Balkan states. With these victories the RCP established the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), which became a powerful contender in world affairs under Stalin’s rule (1924-1953). The ideological and practical disconnect between Russian Communism and Western Democracy and the alliances of World War II were the foundations of the Cold War rivalry between the world’s two superpowers in the 20th century, the USSR and the USA.

Student: Finance and Foods Market

FI-516 – WEEK 2 – MINI – CASE ASSIGNMENT Select a major industrial or commercial company based in the United States, and listed on one of the major stock exchanges in the United States. Each student should select a different company. Avoid selecting an insurance company or a bank, as the financial ratios for these financial businesses are different. Write a 7 – 8 page double spaced paper answering and demonstrating with calculations and financial data the following questions: 1. What is the name of the company? What is the industry sector? * The company name is Whole Foods Market Inc. Whole foods market, Inc. is the Food Retailers & Wholesalers industry. * The products include: grocery, seafood, bakery, prepared foods, meat and poultry, dietary and nutritional supplements, vitamins, specialty (beer, wine and cheese) body care products, floral and household products and pet products. 2. What are the operating risks of the company? * Organic foods market has several laws and regulations relating to health, sanitation and food labeling. * FDA, FTC, CPSC, USDA and EPA have set standards for the manufacture, packaging, and advertising of organic products. If failure to qualify these standards could result in the confiscation of marketing and sales licenses. 3. What is the financial risk of the company (the debt to total capitalization ratio)? Debt to total capitalization ratio = Debt / (Shareholder’s equity + Debt) ————————————————- 1,300,770 / 4,292,075 = 30. 31% 4. Does the company have any preferred stock? No, the Whole foods market, Inc. does not have any preferred stock. 5. What is the capital structure of the company? : Short term portion of Long Term Debt, Long Term Debt, Preferred Stock (if any), and market value f Common Stock issued and outstanding? * Capital structure: —————â €”——————————- Total Debt to Total Equity: 0. 60 ————————————————- Total Debt to Total Capital: 0. 60 ————————————————- Total Debt to Total Assets: 0. 42 ————————————————- Long-Term Debt to Equity: 0. 58 ————————————————- Long-Term Debt to Total Capital: 0. 58 * The Whole foods market, Inc. does not have any short-term portion of long-term debt, and there is no preferred stock. Long-term debt: $17. 44 million * The Whole foods market, Inc. has 300,000 share authorized and $178. 89 million shares issued and outstanding at 2011. 6. What is the company’s current actual Beta? ————————————————- * The current actual Beta is 0. 66 7. What would the Beta of this company be if it had no Long Term Debt in its capital structure? (Apply the Hamada Formula. ) ————————————————- BL= B1 [1+(1-T) (D/E)] ————————————————- = 0. 66 / [1+(1-0. 35) (0. 43)] ————————————————- 0. 52 8. What is the company’s current Marginal Tax Rate? —————————— Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- 35% 9. What is the Cost of Debt, before and after taxes? The cost of debt before taxes is 6. 7%, and after taxes is 4. 5%. 10. What is the Cost of Preferred Stock (if any)? The Whole foods market, Inc. does not have any preferred stock. 11. What is the Cost of Equity? ————————————————- Cost of Equity = (Dividends per share/current market value of stock)+Growth Rate of Dividends ————————————————- = (0. 40 / $86. 47) + 0. 56% ———————————————— = 0. 01 12. What is the cash dividend yield on the Common Stock? The cash dividend yield on the common stock is 0. 56 (0. 60%) 13. What is the Weighted Average Cost of Capit al of the company? The Weighted Average Cost of Capital is 7% 14. What is the Price Earnings Multiple of the company? ————————————————- Current market value of stock / EPS ————————————————- = $86. 47 / 2. 21 ————————————————- = 39. 13 15. How has the company’s stock been performing in the last 5 years?In May 2007, the price of common stock was $39. 74 per share, but it dropped to $8. 19 per share in 2009. Although after the recession of price drop, the price begins the raise up to $86. 47 per share now. 16. How would you assess the overall risk structure of the company in terms of its Operating Risks and Financial Risk (Debt to Capitalization Rat io)? Total debt/total equity| 0. 0063| Total debt/total capital| 0. 0063| 17. Would you invest in this company? Why? Or Why not? * Officially I would invest portion of my assets into the portfolio. Since the price has raise from the last two years in an even steady price.Even though they have two small period of time that drop for about 15%. Overall the stock market seems to be passive about the movement of the behavior optimistically. Therefore be hold within the smaller beta that show less variable of the changes. I believe this could be a chance to be rich! 18. The last page of your paper should be a Bibliography of the sources you used to prepare this paper. Bibliography: * http://www. wikinvest. com/stock/Whole_Foods_Market_(WFM) * http://www. thestreet. com/quote/WFM/details/company-profile. html * http://yahoo. brand. edgar online. com/displayfilinginfo. spx? FilingID=8260392-165255- 169255&type=sect&TabIndex=2&companyid=10959&ppu=%252fdefault. aspx%253fcik%253d865436 * http: //www. investopedia. com/terms/d/debt-to-capitalratio. asp#axzz1v5caUyeq * http://www. marketwatch. com/investing/stock/wfm/profile * http://finance. yahoo. com/q? s=WFM&ql=1 * http://www. investopedia. com/terms/c/costofequity. asp#axzz1v5caUyeq * http://www. thestreet. com/quote/WFM/details/growth-rates. html * http://www. wikiwealth. com/wacc-analysis:wfm * http://markets. ft. com/research/Markets/Tearsheets/Financials? s=WFM:NSQ

Financial Management of Goldman Sachs

To ensure adequate returns to the shareholders which will depend upon the earning capacity, market price of the share, expectations of the shareholders. 3. To ensure optimum funds utilization. Once the funds are procured, they should be utilized in maximum possible way at least cost. 4. To ensure safety on investment, i. e, funds should be invested in safe ventures so that adequate rate of return can be achieved. 5. To plan a sound capital structure-There should be sound and fair composition of capital so that a balance is maintained between debt and equity capital.Functions of Financial Management: 1. Estimation of capital requirements: A finance manager has to make estimation with regards to capital requirements of the company. This will depend upon expected costs and profits and future programmes and policies of a concern. Estimations have to be made in an adequate manner which increases earning capacity of enterprise. 2. Determination of capital composition: Once the estimation h ave been made, the capital structure have to be decided. This involves short- term and long- term debt equity analysis.This will depend upon the proportion of equity capital a company is possessing and additional funds which have to be raised from outside parties. 3. Choice of sources of funds: For additional funds to be procured, a company has many choices like- a. Issue of shares and debentures b. Loans to be taken from banks and financial institutions c. Public deposits to be drawn like in form of bonds. Choice of factor will depend on relative merits and demerits of each source and period of financing. 4.Investment of funds: The finance manager has to decide to allocate funds into profitable ventures so that there is safety on investment and regular returns is possible. 5. Disposal of surplus: The net profits decision have to be made by the finance manager. This can be done in two ways: d. Dividend declaration – It includes identifying the rate of dividends and other bene fits like bonus. e. Retained profits – The volume has to be decided which will depend upon expansional, innovational, diversification plans of the company. 6.Management of cash: Finance manager has to make decisions with regards to cash management. Cash is required for many purposes like payment of wages and salaries, payment of electricity and water bills, payment to creditors, meeting current liabilities, maintainance of enough stock, purchase of raw materials, etc. 7. Financial controls: The finance manager has not only to plan, procure and utilize the funds but he also has to exercise control over finances. This can be done through many techniques like ratio analysis, financial forecasting, cost and profit control, etc.Goldman Sachs is a leading global investment banking, securities and investment management firm that provides a wide range of financial services to a substantial and diversified client base that includes corporations, financial institutions, governments and high-net-worth individuals. When we use the terms â€Å"Goldman Sachs,† â€Å"the firm,† â€Å"we,† â€Å"us† and â€Å"our,† we mean The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (Group Inc. ), a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries. References to â€Å"this Form 10-K† are to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011.All references to 2011, 2010 and 2009 refer to our fiscal years ended, or the dates, as the context requires, December 31, 2011, December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively. Group Inc. is a bank holding company and a financial holding company regulated by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (Federal Reserve Board). Our U. S. depository institution subsidiary, Goldman Sachs Bank USA (GS Bank USA), is a New York State-chartered bank. As of December 2011, we had offices in over 30 countries and 48% of our total staff was based outside the Americas (which includes the countries in North and South America).Our clients are located worldwide, and we are an active participant in financial markets around the world. In 2011, we generated 38% of our net revenues outside the Americas. BUSINESS PRINCIPLE Our clients’ interests always come first. Our experience shows that if we serve our clients well, our own success will follow. Our assets are our people, capital and reputation. If any of these is ever diminished, the last is the most difficult to restore. We are dedicated to complying fully with the letter and spirit of the laws, rules and ethical principles that govern us.Our continued success depends upon unswerving adherence to this standard. Our goal is to provide superior returns to our shareholders. Profitability is critical to achieving superior returns, building our capital, and attracting and keeping our best people. Significant employee stock owinership aligns the interests of our employees and our shareholders. We take great pride in th e professional quality of our work. We have an uncompromising determination to achieve excellence in everything we undertake. Though we may be involved in a wide vvariety and heavy volume of aactivity, we would, if it came to a choice, rather be best than biggest.We stress creativity and imagination in everything we do. While recognizing that the old way may still be the best way, we constantly strive to find a better solution to a client’s problems. We pride ourselves on having pioneered many of the practices and techniques that have become standard in the industry. We make an unusual effort to identify and recruit the very best person for every job. Although our activities are measured in billions of dollars, we select our people one by one. In a service business, we know that without the best people, we cannot be the best firm.We offer our people the oopportunity to move ahead more rapidly than is possible at most other places. Advancement depends on merit and we have yet to find the limits to the responsibility our best people are able to assume. For us to be successful, our men and women must reflect the diversity of the communities and cultures in which we operate. That mearns we must attract, retain and motivate people from many backgrounds and perspectives. Being diverse is not optional; it is what we must be. We stress teamwork in everything we do. While individual creativity is always encouraged, we have found that team effort often produces the best results.

PH Lab Experiment Essays - Equilibrium Chemistry, Titration, PH

PH Lab Experiment Essays - Equilibrium Chemistry, Titration, PH pH Lab Experiment By Jeff Price Biology 101- 011 Dr. Art Ellis 1 May 1997 Trident Technical College Charleston, South Carolina 29423 pH Lab Experiment Abstract: Upon hypothesizing that stomach medicines are useful in neutralizing the acidic affects of beverages when used properly an experiment was designed to test this theory. The experiment incorporated the use of white grape juice to be the acid, Maalox as the antacid, and red cabbage juice as the pH indicator. A control group was also formulated by substituting distilled water for the antacids. After mixing the solutions in separate test tubes, any changes were recorded. These changes were the indicators for the pH level of the mixture. The tube containing white grape juice changed to a pink color (pH value 3). The tube containing Maalox changed to a greenish blue (pH value of 8). There was no change in the control group. Then when white grape juice and Maalox were tested, a blue color resulted (pH value of 7, neutral). Therefore, the experiment shows that antacids can be effective neutralizers with proper use and understanding of how they work. Introduction: pH is the measurement of positive hydrogen ions (H+) in solution. A substance that has a high concentration of H+ is acidic. A substance that has a low concentration of H+ is basic (alkaline) (Dickey, 1995). The measurements of pH are obtained through paper tests, machine measurements, or the use of other indicators. Most of these other indicators rely on a change in a mixtures color in order to determine the pH level of the substance. These colors have been coordinated with pH values. The pH values begin at 0 and run to 14. A pH value of 0-6 indicates an acidic solution. A pH value of 7 indicates a neutral substance and a pH value of 8-14 represents a base (Starr and Taggart, 1995). The ability to measure pH has become important in the manufacture of foods, paper, and chemicals (Altwicker and Micheal, 1985). In the following experiment, a pH comparison is made between beverages and stomach medicines. Some studies suggest that antacids may be of no benefit or may actually be harmful to the user (Graf, 1985). One hypothesizes is that stomach medicines are useful in neutralizing the acidic affects of beverages when used properly. Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted using eight clean test tubes, parafilm, red cabbage juice, white grape juice, 7UP, Club Soda, Seltzer Water, Milk of Magnesia, Sodium Bicarbonate, and Maalox With a 5mL delivery pipet and a green pi-pump, 3mL of either a beverage or medicine was added to the test tubes. In the eighth test tube, 3 milliliters of white grape juice and Maalox were combined. The tubes were labeled accordingly and then placed in a holding rack. Using a clean 5mL pipet with pi-pump, 3mL of red cabbage juice was added to each of the eight solutions. Parafilm was used to cover the test tubes and then the mixture were lightly shaken. Results: The reaction (color) of each test tube solution of either beverage or stomach medicine was compared to the color spectrum. The pH values of each solution was then recorded. The following chart shows the pH value of each solution. BeveragepHMedicinepH White grape Juice3Milk of Magnesia12 7UP4Sodium Bicarbonate10 Club Soda6Maalox8 Seltzer Water5 CombinationSolution White grape juice/Maalox 7 The beverages used in this experiment fully represent the acidic end of the pH scale (6-0). Stomach medicines in this case, represent the base side of the scale (8-14). On the pH scale, 7 is neutral and thus white grape juice mixed with Maalox resulted in a pH of 7. Discussion and Conclusion: In this pH experiment, it is shown that antacids such as Maalox can be used effectively in neutralizing acidic stomach acid when used properly. There are variations in acidity in each and every beverage as shown in the chart. The closer a pH value of a beverage is to 7 (neutral), the less likely that someone will have and acidic stomach. Therefore, the less acidic the stomach condition, the less likely someone will need to use an antacid. There is justification to be concerned about harmful effects of misuse. Excessive amounts of antacids will cause the pH balance in the stomach to become basic in nature. If this is allowed to continue, too basic is just as

5 Cases of Confusion Between Things and Their Names

5 Cases of Confusion Between Things and Their Names 5 Cases of Confusion Between Things and Their Names 5 Cases of Confusion Between Things and Their Names By Mark Nichol 1. â€Å"Users can choose from any website that offers RSS feeds, short for ‘Really Simple Syndication.’ â€Å"RSS feeds† is not short for â€Å"Really Simple Syndication.† The sentence refers to RSS feeds and then explains what the initialism stands for, but the association of the spelled-out term with the initialism is confusing, so the additional information needs to be distinguished from the main point: â€Å"Users can choose from any website that offers RSS feeds. (RSS is short for ‘Really Simple Syndication.’)† More simply, the parenthesis could be introduced as here: â€Å"Users can choose from any website that offers RSS (Really Simple Syndication) feeds.† However, the information is not essential and is better introduced in a trailing parenthesis. Use your judgment according to the context of each case. 2. â€Å"This is a camera obscura, a Latin term that means ‘dark chamber.’† This sentence suffers from the same type of confusion as the previous example. A camera obscura is not a Latin term; it is a device with that Latin name (and though the origin of the name is Latin, the term, despite being taken from that language, is English). Revise the sentence to clarify both points: â€Å"This is a camera obscura, a device whose name, borrowed from Latin, means ‘dark chamber.’† 3. â€Å"The pre-emptive offer also a common term in corporate transactions is hardly new.† Here, the concept of the pre-emptive offer is being mistaken for the name of the concept. Again, word the interjection of information to clarify the distinction: â€Å"The strategy known as a pre-emptive offer that phrase is also a common term in corporate transactions is hardly new.† 4. â€Å"With his talkie debut, as British secret agent Bulldog Drummond (1929), he became the first silent star to become even bigger in sound films.† This sentence attempts to name both a character and a film in one designation, but as we all know from physics class, two phenomena cannot occupy the same space at the same time. Separate the reference to the title character from that of the film title: â€Å"With his talkie debut, as the titular British secret agent in Bulldog Drummond (1929), he became the first silent star to become even bigger in sound films.† 5. â€Å"John is a Wetland Watcher a moniker he wears with pride and satisfaction.† This sentence’s conflict of concept and name is not as jarring as in the previous examples, but the statement would nevertheless benefit from more of a separation of the two elements: â€Å"John is a Wetland Watcher, and that’s a moniker he bears with pride and satisfaction.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:"Because Of" and "Due To" "Owing to" vs "Due to"Shore It Up

Aspects of Communication & Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Aspects of Communication & Culture - Essay Example 63). Other people such as Stahl (2011, p. 1) and Goldkuhl (2003), among others, have different theories. This essay is an analysis of a telephone conversation between Michael and Prinze, based on communication analysis’ theoretical concepts and features of communication. Michael and Prinze’s Profile and their Background This is a telephone conversation between two close friends; Michael in his early fifties and Prinze in his late forties. One of the participants (Prinze) was observed throughout the recording for body language and gestures. These two interlocutors have known each other for more than ten years and share similar back grounds and interests. Also both interlocutors were born and have spent most of their lives in East London although their cultural and ethnic backgrounds are very different; Prinze is an English speaking cockney born and raised in London with a Pakistani parentage, whilst Michael is a native English speaking cockney. Each conversant is calling from the comfort of their home and from different towns; Mohammed lives in Luton and Michael in East London. Michael is recovering after a shoulder operation, whilst Prinze has just got home after a walk in the park. Both the interlocutors had not spoken or seen each other for more than a couple of months, but there had been regular communication between them by text messaging (SMS). The purpose of the call from Prinze to Michael was to get an update on how Michael was doing and also to discover if he had received the forwarded mail Prinze had sent him earlier. A transcription of the conversation between the two is given in the Appendix. Analysis Based On Theories and Main Communication Features Theories There are different theories of communication and theoretical concepts used in communication analysis. Just as noted Different authors have different views about these theories. Stahl has described nine categories of communication theories as listed by Little John (1999); cyberneti cs, semiotics, conversational analysis, message reception, socio-cultural approach, message production, symbolic interaction, phenomenological hermeneutics and critical theory (2011, p. 1). Littlejohn and Foss have eight theories; all described in the introduction (2007, p. 63). Goldkuhl (2003), on the other hand, considers the theories in the Language Action Perspective. The author notes that there are two theoretical concepts of communication representation approaches that are within the named perspective. These are; that there are predefined patterns in which communication is always organized as found in conversational analysis, and that language use can be considered as action as found in speech act theory (Goldkuhl, 2003, p. 51). In this case, two of the theoretical concepts will be explained with reference to Prinze and Michael’s conversation. These are; conversational analysis and speech act theory. Conversational Analysis It is the systemic analysis of human talk-in-i nteractions (Hutchby & Wooffitt, 2008). Conversational analysis’ theoretical concept is based on the view that conversations have predesigned structures. According to Psathas, telephone conversations open with a caller, who in this case, knows whoever he/she is calling. This is then followed by a response from the recipient who may know the caller or not. If the recipient does not know the caller, the next response will be